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River Jude Phoenix (born River Jude Bottom; August 23, 1970 – October 31, 1993) was an American actor, musician, and activist. He was the older brother of Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix and Summer Phoenix. Phoenix's work encompassed 24 films and television appearances, and his rise to fame led to his status as a "teen idol". He began his acting career at age 10, in television commercials. He starred in the science fiction adventure film ''Explorers'' (1985), and had his first notable role in 1986's ''Stand By Me'', a coming-of-age film based on a novella by Stephen King. Phoenix made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with ''Running on Empty'' (1988), playing the son of fugitive parents in a well-received performance that earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and ''My Own Private Idaho'' (1991), playing a gay hustler in search of his estranged mother. For his performance in the latter, Phoenix garnered enormous praise and won a Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, along with Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics. To this date, he and brother Joaquin Phoenix hold the distinction of being the first and only brothers to be nominated for acting Academy Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OSCAR FIRSTS AND OTHER TRIVIA )〕 On October 31, 1993, Phoenix collapsed and died of drug-induced heart failure on the sidewalk outside the West Hollywood nightclub The Viper Room at the age of 23.〔(Remembering 1993 ) Gary Kirkland Gainesville Sun – December 26, 1993〕 At the time of his death, Phoenix had been in the middle of filming ''Dark Blood'' (1993). ==Early life== Phoenix was born on August 23, 1970, in Madras, Oregon, the first child of Arlyn Dunetz and John Lee Bottom. Phoenix's parents named him after the ''river of life'' from the Hermann Hesse novel ''Siddhartha'',〔 and he received his middle name from the Beatles' song "Hey Jude". In an interview with ''People'', Phoenix described his parents as "hippieish".〔 His mother was born in the Bronx, New York, to Jewish parents whose families had emigrated from Russia and Hungary.〔 His father was a lapsed Catholic from Fontana, California, of English, as well as German and French, ancestry. In 1968, Phoenix's mother left her family in New York City and travelled across the United States, meeting John Lee Bottom while hitchhiking in northern California. They married on September 13, 1969, less than a year after meeting. Phoenix's family received no financial support and lived in poverty, with Phoenix stating they lived in a "desperate situation." Phoenix often played guitar while he and his sister sang on street corners for money and food to support their ever-growing family. In the late 1970s, Phoenix's family moved in with River's maternal grandparents in Florida after spending a number of years in Venezuela with Children of God. Closely after their return to the United States, the family officially changed their name to Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rises from its own ashes, symbolizing a new beginning. Phoenix never attended formal school. Screenwriter Naomi Foner later commented, "He was totally, totally without education. I mean, he could read and write, and he had an appetite for it, but he had no deep roots into any kind of sense of history or literature."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「River Phoenix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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